New IJF now accepts submissions exclusively via the Editorial Scholar portal — a dedicated submission & review system.
Go to Editorial Scholar →
Associated Management Consultants Pvt. Ltd. | COPE Member
Scopus Q2 UGC-CARE |
Indian Journal of Finance logo

Indian Journal of Finance

ISSN: 0973-8711 Frequency: Monthly Peer Review: Double-blind Published since: 2007 Language: English
A publication of AMCPL
amcon.co.in
New Delhi, India
Indexed in: Scopus Q2 UGC-CARE Group II Google Scholar J-Gate NISCAIR Crossref

Original Article

Open Access Original Article

Board Composition and Underpricing : The Role of Business Experts, Support Specialists, Community Influentials, and Gender Diversity

Lovleen Gupta1,  Sheetal Maurya2

1 Associate Professor, Hindu College, University of Delhi, Sudhir Bose Marg, Delhi - 110 007

2 Ph.D. Scholar, Department of Commerce, Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, Chhatra Marg, Delhi - 110 007

Volume 15
Issue 11
Pages 8–24
Year 2021
Received: May 20, 2021 Accepted: Sept. 25, 2021 Published: Nov. 15, 2021
Abstract

The objective of this paper was to analyze the influence of resource, structural, and gender diversity on the boardroom of newly listed companies on IPO underpricing. To measure resource diversity, we categorized directors into support specialists, business experts, and community influentials and examined their influence on listing day demand for issue by investors. This study provided evidence in favor that directors with different skill sets, experience, and connections affected the IPO underpricing differently. Not all directors were equally influential; some of them, especially business experts and directors with political ties, were more influential than others. The findings noted an inverted U-shaped non-linear relationship of these directors with underpricing. This means that initially, the diversity affected the underpricing positively, and at a point of inflection, the relationship became negative. The results also indicated that the proportion of women directors had a statistically significant relation with underpricing. Overall, the present study confirmed the relevance of board diversity on demand for a public offering on listing day.

Keywords Board Resource Diversity Support Specialists Business Experts Community Influentials Gender Diversity Blau’s Index Underpricing
How to Cite

Lovleen Gupta, Sheetal Maurya (2021). Board Composition and Underpricing : The Role of Business Experts, Support Specialists, Community Influentials, and Gender Diversity. Indian Journal of Finance, 15(11), 8–24. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijf/2021/v15i11/160392

References
  1. Arthurs, J., Hoskisson, R., Busenitz, L. W., & Johnson, R. A. (2008). Managerial agents watching other agents: multiple agency conflicts regarding underpricing in IPO firms. The Academy of Management Journal, 51(2), 277–294. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159509
  2. Badolato, P. G., Donelson, D. C., & Ege, M. (2014). Audit committee financial expertise and earnings management: The role of status. Journal of Accounting and Economics, 58(2–3), 208–230. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jacceco.2014.08.006
  3. Badru, B. O., Ahmad-Zaluki, N. A., & Wan-Hussin, W. N. (2019). Signalling IPO quality through female directors. International Journal of Managerial Finance, 15(5), 719–743. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJMF-01-2018-0025
  4. Baker, M., & Gompers, P. A. (2003). The determinants of board structure at the initial public offering. The Journal of Law and Economics, 46(2), 569–598. https://doi.org/10.1086/380409
  5. Bear, S., Rahman, N., & Post, C. (2010). The impact of board diversity and gender composition on corporate social responsibility and firm reputation. Journal of Business Ethics, 97(2), 207–221. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-010-0505-2
  6. Brammer, S., Millington, A., & Pavelin, S. (2009). Corporate reputation and women on the board. British Journal of Management, 20(1), 17–29. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-8551.2008.00600.x
  7. Certo, S. T., Daily, C. M., & Dalton, D. R. (2001). Signalling firm value through board structure: An investigation of initial public offerings. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 26(2), 33–50. https://doi.org/10.1177/104225870102600202
  8. Dass, N., Kini, O., Nanda, V., Onal, B., & Wang, J. (2014). Board expertise: Do directors from related industries help bridge the information gap ? The Review of Financial Studies, 27(5), 1553–1592. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hht071
  9. Drobetz, W., Von Meyerinck, F., Oesch, D., & Schmid, M. (2014). Board industry experience, firm value, and investment behavior (Working Paper No. 2014/01). Hamburg Financial Research Center. http://ux-tauri.unisg.ch/RePEc/usg/sfwpfi/WPF-1401.pdf10) Fac
  10. & Parsley, D. C. (2009). Sudden deaths: Taking stock of geographic ties. Journal of Financial and Quantitative Analysis, 44(3), 683–718. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0022109009990068
  11. Faleye, O., Hoitash, R., & Hoitash, U. (2018). Industry expertise on corporate boards. Review of Quantitative Finance and Accounting, 50(2), 441–479. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11156-017-0635-z
  12. Fich, E. M. (2005). Are some outside directors better than others ? Evidence from director appointments by Fortune 1000 firms. The Journal of Business, 78(5), 1943–1972. https://www.jstor.org/stable/10.1086/431448
  13. Francis, B., Hasan, I., & Wu, Q. (2015). Professors in the board room and their impact on corporate governance and firm performance. Financial Management, 44(3), 547–581. https://doi.org/10.1111/fima.12069
  14. García-Meca, E., & Palacio, C. J. (2018). Board composition and firm reputation: The role of business experts, support specialists and community influentials. BRQ Business Research Quarterly, 21(2), 111–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brq.2018.01.003
  15. Goldman, E., Rocholl, J., & So, J. (2009). Do politically connected boards affect firm value ? The Review of Financial Studies, 22(6), 2331–2360. https://doi.org/10.1093/rfs/hhn088
  16. Gray, S., & Nowland, J. (2014). Professional expertise and board diversity. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2289689
  17. Gupta, K. (2011). Effect of market conditions, oversubscription and market efficiency on IPO underpricing. Indian Journal of Finance, 5(2), 15–23. http://www.indianjournaloffinance.co.in/index.php/IJF/article/view/72528
  18. Hafsi, T., & Turgut, G. (2013). Boardroom diversity and its effect on social performance: Conceptualization and empirical evidence. Journal of Business Ethics, 112(3), 463–479. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-012-1272-z
  19. Harrison, D. A., & Klein, K. J. (2007). What’s the difference ? Diversity construct as separation, variety or disparity in organizations. Academy of Management Review, 32(4), 1198–1228. https://doi.org/10.5465/amr.2007.26586096
  20. Hartzell, J. C., Kallberg, J. G., & Liu, C. H. (2008). The role of corporate governance in initial public offerings: Evidence from real estate investment trusts. The Journal of Law & Economics, 51(3), 539–562. https://doi.org/10.1086/589701
  21. Hillman, A., Cannella Jr., A., & Paetz, R. (2000). The resource dependence role of corporate directors: Strategic adaptation of board composition in response to environmental change. Journal of Management Studies, 37(2), 235–256. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-6486.00179
  22. Jones, C. D., Makri, M., & Gomez-Mejia, L. R. (2008). Affiliate directors and perceived risk bearing in publicly traded, family-controlled firms: The case of diversification. Entrepreneurship Theory and Practice, 32(6), 1007–1026. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6520.2008.00269.x
  23. Jost, L. (2006). Entropy and diversity. OIKOS, 113(2), 363–375. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2006.0030-1299.14714.x
  24. Kaur, A., & Singh, B. (2016). Does gender diversity on Indian boards impede IPO underpricing? Management and Labour Studies, 40(1–2), 194–205. https://doi.org/10.1177/0258042X15601540
  25. Kaur, A., & Singh, B. (2017). Construing reputation from gender diversity on boards: Indian evidence. Paradigm, 21(2), 111–125. https://doi.org/10.1177/0971890717736195
  26. Krishnan, G. V., & Visvanathan, G. (2008). Does the SOX definition of an accounting expert matter? The association between audit committee directors’ accounting expertise and accounting conservatism. Contemporary Accounting Research, 25(3), 827–858. https://doi.org/10.1506/car.25.3.7
  27. Kroll, M., Walters, B. A., & Le, S. A. (2007). The impact of board composition and top management team ownership structure on post-IPO performance in young entrepreneurial firms. The Academy of Management Journal, 50(5), 1198–1216. https://doi.org/10.2307/20159920
  28. Litov, L. P., Sepe, S. M., & Whitehead, C. K. (2014). Lawyers and fools: Lawyer directors in public corporations. Georgetown Law Journal, 102(2), 413–480.
  29. Maurya, S., Singh, A. K., & Mohapatra, A. K. (2019). IPO underpricing and predictive power of board related corporate governance mechanisms: A study of Indian IPO market. Theoretical Economics Letters, 9(6), 2002–2018. https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2019.96127
  30. Miles, J. (2005). Tolerance and variance inflation factor. In B. S. Everitt & D. Howell (eds.), Encyclopaedia of statistics in behavioural science (1st ed.). Wiley. https://doi.org/10.1002/0470013192.bsa683
  31. Mnif, A. (2009). Board of directors and the pricing of initial public offerings (IPOs): Does the existence of a properly structured board matter ? Evidence from France. La place de la dimension européenne dans la Comptabilité Contrôle Audit. https://halshs.archives-ouvertes.fr/halshs-00459257
  32. Pandey, A., & Pattanayak, J. K. (2018). Impact of firm specific and macro-economic factors on the level of underpricing of initial public offerings (IPOs): Evidence from the Indian market. Indian Journal of Finance, 12(2), 7–25. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijf/2018/v12i2/121367
  33. Singh, A. K., Jain, M. K., Jain, S., & Gupta, B. (2021). A new modus operandi for determining post - IPO pricing: Analysis of Indian IPOs using artificial neural networks. Indian Journal of Finance, 15(1), 8–22. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijf/2021/v15i1/157011
  34. Singh, A. K., & Maurya, S. (2018). Corporate governance, ownership structure, and IPO underpricing: Evidence from the Indian new issue market. Indian Journal of Research in Capital Market, 5(1), 7–24. https://doi.org/10.17010/ijrcm/2018/v5/i1/122905
  35. Singh, B., & Gupta, K. (2018). Relationship between management quality certification and IPO underpricing: Evidence from India. Journal of Entrepreneurship and Management, 7(3), 1–10. http://ischolar.info/index.php/jem/article/view/180474
  36. Singh, G. (2020). Corporate governance: An insight into the imposition and implementation of gender diversity on Indian boards. Indian Journal of Corporate Governance, 13(1), 99–110. https://doi.org/10.1177/0974686220930839
  37. Thorsell, A., & Isaksson, A. (2014). Director experience and the performance of IPOs: Evidence from Sweden. Australasian Accounting Business and Finance Journal, 8(1), 3–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.14453/aabfj.v8i1.2
  38. Van Der Walt, N., & Ingley, C. (2003). Board dynamics and the influence of professional background, gender and ethnic diversity of directors. Corporate Governance: An International Review, 11(3), 218–234. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8683.00320
  39. Venkatraman, K., & Selvam, M. (2014). Impact of corporate governance practices and firm performance: An empirical study. Indian Journal of Finance, 8(12), 34–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.17010/ijf/2014/v8i12/71691
  40. Welbourne, T. M., Cycyota, C. S., & Ferrante, C. (2007). Wall Street reaction to women in IPOs : An examination of gender diversity in top management teams. Group & Organization Management, 32(5), 524–547. https://doi.org/10.1177/1059601106291071
Editorial Scholar

Submit your Research to IJF

Submit your Manuscript → Author Guidelines